How To Clean Vornado Model Fai 0013 Type Swan?

Tribe of large water birds

Swans Temporal range: Late Miocene-Holocene [1] [2] PreꞒ Ꞓ O South D C P T J K Pg North
Mute swans (Cygnus olor)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Course:	Aves
Order:	Anseriformes
Family unit:	Anatidae
Subfamily:	Anserinae
Genus:	Cygnus Garsault, 1764
Blazon species
Cygnus cygnus Linnaeus, 1758
Species
half-dozen living, see text.
Synonyms
Cygnanser Kretzoi, 1957

Swans are birds of the family Anatidae inside the genus Cygnus .^[3] The swans' closest relatives include the geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe Cygnini. Sometimes, they are considered a singled-out subfamily, Cygninae. There are six living and many extinct species of swan; in improver, in that location is a species known as the coscoroba swan which is no longer considered one of the true swans. Swans unremarkably mate for life, although "divorce" sometimes occurs, particularly following nesting failure, and if a mate dies, the remaining swan will accept upwardly with another. The number of eggs in each clutch ranges from three to eight.^[four]

Etymology and terminology [edit]

The English language word swan, akin to the High german Schwan , Dutch zwaan and Swedish svan , is derived from Indo-European root *swen ('to sound, to sing').^[5] Young swans are known as cygnets or every bit swanlings; the former derives via Old French cigne or cisne (diminutive suffix et 'trivial') from the Latin word cygnus, a variant form of cycnus 'swan', itself from the Greek κύκνος kýknos , a word of the same pregnant.^{[6] [vii] [viii]} An adult male is a cob, from Middle English cobbe (leader of a group); an adult female person is a pen.^[9]

Description [edit]

Mute swan landing on h2o. Due to the size and weight of most swans, large areas of open land or water are required to successfully take off and land.

Swans are the largest extant members of the waterfowl family Anatidae, and are among the largest flight birds. The largest living species, including the mute swan, trumpeter swan, and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 grand (59 in) and weigh over xv kg (33 lb). Their wingspans can be over three.ane m (10 ft).^[10] Compared to the closely related geese, they are much larger and have proportionally larger feet and necks.^[11] Adults too have a patch of unfeathered skin between the eyes and beak. The sexes are alike in feather, but males are mostly bigger and heavier than females.^[nine] The biggest species of swan ever was the extinct Cygnus falconeri, a flightless giant swan known from fossils constitute on the Mediterranean islands of Republic of malta and Sicily. Its disappearance is idea to have resulted from extreme climate fluctuations or the arrival of superior predators and competitors.^[12]

The Northern Hemisphere species of swan accept pure white feather, but the Southern Hemisphere species are mixed black and white. The Australian black swan (Cygnus atratus) is completely blackness except for the white flight feathers on its wings; the chicks of black swans are low-cal grey. The South American black-necked swan has a white body with a blackness neck.^[13]

Swans' legs are ordinarily a dark blackish grey colour, except for the South American black-necked swan, which has pink legs. Bill color varies: the four subarctic species have black bills with varying amounts of yellow, and all the others are patterned red and black. Although birds practise not have teeth, swans, like other Anatidae, have beaks with serrated edges that await like small jagged 'teeth' every bit part of their beaks used for catching and eating aquatic plants and algae, but too molluscs, small fish, frogs, and worms.^[14] In the mute swan and black-necked swan, both sexes have a fleshy lump at the base of operations of their bills on the upper mandible, known as knob, which is larger in males, and is condition dependent, changing seasonally.^{[15] [16]}

Distribution and movements [edit]

Whooper swans migrate from Iceland, Greenland, Scandinavia, and Northern Russia to Europe, Central Asia, China, and Japan

Swans are generally found in temperate environments, rarely occurring in the tropics. A group of swans is chosen a bevy or a wedge^[17] in flight. Iv (or five) species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, ane species is establish in Australia, one extinct species was plant in New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, and one species is distributed in southern Due south America. They are absent from tropical Asia, Central America, northern South America and the entirety of Africa. Ane species, the mute swan, has been introduced to Northward America, Australia and New Zealand.^[11]

Several species are migratory, either wholly or partly so. The mute swan is a partial migrant, beingness resident over areas of Western Europe simply wholly migratory in Eastern Europe and Asia. The whooper swan and tundra swan are wholly migratory, and the trumpeter swans are almost entirely migratory.^[xi] There is some evidence that the black-necked swan is migratory over function of its range, but detailed studies have not established whether these movements are long or short range migration.^[18]

Behaviour [edit]

Swans feed in water and on land. They are virtually entirely herbivorous, although they may eat pocket-sized amounts of aquatic animals. In the h2o, food is obtained by upward-ending or dabbling, and their nutrition is equanimous of the roots, tubers, stems and leaves of aquatic and submerged plants.^[xi]

Swans famously mate for life, and typically bond even before they reach sexual maturity. Trumpeter swans, for example, who tin alive equally long every bit 24 years and just start breeding at the historic period of four–vii, form monogamous pair bonds as early every bit xx months.^[19] "Divorce", though rare, does occur; one study of mute swans showing a 3% rate for pairs that brood successfully and 9% for pairs that do non.^[20] The pair bonds are maintained year-circular, even in gregarious and migratory species similar the tundra swan, which congregate in large flocks in the wintering grounds.^[21] Swans' nests are on the ground near h2o and almost a metre beyond. Different many other ducks and geese, the male helps with the nest construction, and will also take turns incubating the eggs.^[22] Aslope the whistling ducks, swans are the only anatids that will practise this. Average egg size (for the mute swan) is 113×74 mm, weighing 340 chiliad, in a clutch size of 4 to 7, and an incubation menses of 34–45 days.^[23] Swans are highly protective of their nests. They will viciously attack anything that they perceive as a threat to their chicks, including humans. Ane man was suspected to have drowned in such an attack.^{[24] [25]} Swans' intraspecific aggressive behaviour is shown more frequent than interspecific behaviour for nutrient and shelter. The assailment with other species is shown more in Bewick'south Swans.^[26]

Systematics and evolution [edit]

Testify suggests that the genus Cygnus evolved in Europe or western Eurasia during the Miocene, spreading all over the Northern Hemisphere until the Pliocene. When the southern species branched off is not known. The mute swan apparently is closest to the Southern Hemisphere Cygnus;^[27] its habits of conveying the cervix curved (not straight) and the wings fluffed (not flush) likewise equally its bill color and knob indicate that its closest living relative is the blackness swan. Given the biogeography and appearance of the subgenus Olor it seems likely that these are of a more recent origin, every bit evidence shows by their modern ranges (which were mostly uninhabitable during the final ice age) and not bad similarity betwixt the taxa.^[1]

Phylogeny [edit]

Species [edit]

Genus Cygnus

Subgenus	Image	Scientific name	Common name	Description	Distribution
Subgenus Olor		Cygnus olor	Mute swan	Eurasian species that occurs at lower latitudes than the whooper swan and Bewick's swan across Europe into southern Russia, Communist china and the Russian Maritimes. Recent fossil records, according to the British Ornithological Matrimony, show Cygnus olor is amongst the oldest bird species however extant and it has been upgraded to "native" status in several European countries, since this bird has been found in fossil and bog specimens dating back thousands of years. Common temperate Eurasian birds, often semi-domesticated descendants of domestic flocks, are naturalized in the United States and elsewhere.	Europe into southern Russia, China and the Russian Maritimes
Subgenus Chenopis		Cygnus atratus	Blackness swan	Nomadic with erratic migration patterns dependent upon climatic weather condition. Black plumage and a scarlet bill.	Commonwealth of australia, introduced into New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, with boosted smaller introductions in Britain, the The states, Nihon and People's republic of china.
Subgenus Sthenelides		Cygnus melancoryphus	Black-necked swan		Due south America
Subgenus Cygnus		Cygnus cygnus	Whooper swan		Breeds in Iceland and subarctic Europe and Asia, migrating to temperate Europe and Asia in winter
		Cygnus buccinator	Trumpeter swan	the largest North American swan. Very like to the whooper swan (and sometimes treated as a subspecies of it), information technology was hunted almost to extinction, but has since recovered.	North America
		Cygnus columbianus	Tundra swan	breeds on the Arctic tundra and winters in more than temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. It consists of ii forms, mostly considered to be subspecies. Bewick's swan, Cygnus (columbianus) bewickii is the Eurasian form that migrates from Arctic Russian federation to western Europe and eastern Asia (Mainland china, Korea, Nihon) in wintertime. Whistling swan, Cygnus (columbianus) columbianus is the N American form.	North America, Eurasia

The coscoroba swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) from South America, the only species in its genus, is apparently not a truthful swan. Its phylogenetic position is not fully resolved; information technology is in some aspects more than similar to geese and shelducks.^[29]

Fossil record [edit]

The fossil record of the genus Cygnus is quite impressive, although allocation to the subgenera is often tentative; equally indicated above, at least the early forms probably vest to the C. olor – Southern Hemisphere lineage, whereas the Pleistocene taxa from North America would be placed in Olor. A number of prehistoric species have been described, mostly from the Northern Hemisphere. In the Mediterranean, the leg bones of the giant swan (C. falconeri) were establish on the islands of Malta and Sicily; it may have been over 2 meters from tail to nib, which was taller (though not heavier) than the contemporary local dwarf elephants (Palaeoloxodon falconeri).

• Subgenus Chenopis
  • †New Zealand swan, Cygnus sumnerensis, an extinct species related to the black swan of Australia
• Other subgenera (meet above):
  • †Cygnus csakvarensis Lambrecht 1933 [Cygnus csákvárensis Lambrecht 1931a nomen nudum; Cygnanser csakvarensis (Lambrecht 1933) Kretzoi 1957; Olor csakvarensis (Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992b] (Late Miocene of Hungary)
  • †Cygnus mariae Bickart 1990 (Early Pliocene of Wickieup, U.S.)
  • †Cygnus verae Boev 2000 (Early Pliocene of Sofia, Republic of bulgaria)^[30]
  • †Cygnus liskunae (Kuročkin 1976) [Anser liskunae Kuročkin 1976] (Eye Pliocene of western Mongolia)
  • †Cygnus hibbardi Brodkorb 1958 (?Early Pleistocene of Idaho, U.South.)
  • †Cygnus sp. Louchart et al. 1998 (Early Pleistocene of Dursunlu, Turkey)
  • †Giant swan (Cygnus falconeri) Parker 1865 sensu Livezey 1997a [Cygnus melitensis Falconer 1868; Palaeocygnus falconeri (Parker 1865) Oberholser 1908] (Middle Pleistocene of Malta and Sicily, Mediterranean)
  • †Cygnus paloregonus Cope 1878 [Anser condoni Schufeldt 1892; Cygnus matthewi Schufeldt 1913] (Center Pleistocene of w-cardinal U.S.)
  • †Dwarf swan (Cygnus equitum) Bate 1916 sensu Livezey 1997 [Anser equitum (Bate 1916) Brodkorb 1964; Cygnus (Olor) equitum Bate 1916 sensu Northcote 1988a] (Centre – Belatedly Pleistocene of Malta and Sicily, Mediterranean)
  • †Cygnus lacustris (De Vis 1905) [Archaeocycnus lacustris De Vis 1905] (Belatedly Pleistocene of the Lake Eyre region, Australia)
  • †Cygnus sp. (Pleistocene of Australia)^{[31] [32]}
  • †Cygnus atavus (Fraas 1870) Mlíkovský 1992 [Anas atava Fraas 1870; Anas cygniformis Fraas 1870; Palaelodus steinheimensis Fraas 1870; Anser atavus (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933; Anser cygniformis (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933]

The supposed fossil swans "Cygnus" bilinicus and "Cygnus" herrenthalsi were, respectively, a stork and some large bird of unknown analogousness (due to the bad state of preservation of the referred cloth).

In culture [edit]

European motifs [edit]

Many of the cultural aspects refer to the mute swan of Europe. Peradventure the best known story almost a swan is the fable "The Ugly Duckling". Swans are often a symbol of honey or allegiance because of their long-lasting, apparently monogamous relationships. See Wagner'southward famous swan-related operas Lohengrin ^[33] and Parsifal.^[34]

Equally food [edit]

Swan meat was regarded every bit a luxury food in England in the reign of Elizabeth I. A recipe for broiled swan survives from that time: "To bake a Swan Scald it and take out the bones, and parboil it, then season information technology very well with Pepper, Common salt and Ginger, so lard it, and put it in a deep Coffin of Rye Paste with store of Butter, close it and broil it very well, and when information technology is broiled, make full up the Vent-hole with melted Butter, and so keep it; serve it in equally you practice the Beefiness-Pie."^[35]

The Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady, a religious confraternity which existed in 's-Hertogenbosch in the late Middle Ages, had 'sworn members', also called 'swan-brethren' because they used to donate a swan for the yearly banquet.

Heraldics [edit]

Greek mythology [edit]

Swans feature strongly in mythology. In Greek mythology, the story of Leda and the Swan recounts that Helen of Troy was conceived in a wedlock of Zeus disguised as a swan and Leda, Queen of Sparta.^[36]

Other references in classical literature include the conventionalities that, upon death, the mute swan would sing beautifully—hence the phrase swan song.^[37]

Juvenal fabricated a sarcastic reference to a good woman being a "rare bird, as rare on earth every bit a black swan", from which nosotros get the Latin phrase rara avis (rare bird).^[38]

The mute swan is likewise one of the sacred birds of Apollo, whose associations stem both from the nature of the bird as a symbol of light, likewise every bit the notion of a "swan vocal". The god is often depicted riding a chariot pulled by or equanimous of swans in his ascent from Delos.

Irish lore and poesy [edit]

The Irish fable of the Children of Lir is about a stepmother transforming her children into swans for 900 years.^[39]

In the legend The Wooing of Etain, the king of the Sidhe (subterranean-dwelling, supernatural beings) transforms himself and the most cute woman in Ireland, Etain, into swans to escape from the king of Ireland and Republic of ireland'due south armies. The swan has recently been depicted on an Irish commemorative money.

Swans are also present in Irish literature in the poesy of W.B. Yeats. "The Wild Swans at Coole" has a heavy focus on the mesmerising characteristics of the swan. Yeats also recounts the myth of Leda and the Swan in the poem of the same name.

Nordic lore [edit]

In Norse mythology, in that location are two swans that drink from the sacred Well of Urd in the realm of Asgard, domicile of the gods. According to the Prose Edda, the water of this well is then pure and holy that all things that touch it turn white, including this original pair of swans and all others descended from them. The poem Volundarkvida, or the Lay of Volund, function of the Poetic Edda, also features swan maidens.

In the Finnish ballsy Kalevala, a swan lives in the Tuoni river located in Tuonela, the underworld realm of the dead. Co-ordinate to the story, whoever killed a swan would perish too. Jean Sibelius equanimous the Lemminkäinen Suite based on Kalevala, with the 2nd slice entitled Swan of Tuonela (Tuonelan joutsen). Today, five flight swans are the symbol of the Nordic Countries, the whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) is the national bird of Finland,^[40] and the mute swan is the national bird of Denmark.^[41]

Swan Lake ballet [edit]

The ballet Swan Lake is amongst the most canonic of classical ballets. Based on the 1875–76 score past Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the almost promulgated choreographic version was created past Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov (1895), the premiere of which was danced by the Imperial Ballet at the Mariinsky Theater in Leningrad. The ballet's lead dual roles of Odette (white swan) / Odile (black swan) correspond good and evil,^[42] and are among the most challenging roles^[43] created in Romantic classical ballet. The ballet is in the repertories^[44] of ballet companies effectually the globe.

Christianity [edit]

A swan is 1 of the attributes of St. Hugh of Lincoln, based on the story of a swan who was devoted to him.^[45]

Castilian linguistic communication literature [edit]

In Latin American literature, the Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío (1867–1916) consecrated the swan as a symbol of creative inspiration by drawing attending to the constancy of swan imagery in Western culture, beginning with the rape of Leda and ending with Wagner's Lohengrin. Darío's about famous poem in this regard is Blasón – "Coat of Arms" (1896), and his use of the swan made it a symbol for the Modernismo poetic movement that dominated Spanish language verse from the 1880s until the Start World War. Such was the dominance of Modernismo in Spanish language poetry that the Mexican poet Enrique González Martínez attempted to announce the stop of Modernismo with a sonnet provocatively entitled, Tuércele el cuello al cisne – "Wring the Swan's Neck" (1910).

Hinduism [edit]

Swans are revered in Hinduism, and are compared to saintly persons whose main characteristic is to be in the world without getting attached to it, merely as a swan's plumage does not get wet although information technology is in water. The Sanskrit give-and-take for swan is hamsa and the "Raja Hamsam" or the Royal Swan is the vehicle of Goddess Saraswati which symbolises the "Sattva Guna" or purity par excellence. The swan if offered a mixture of milk and water, is said to exist able to drink the milk solitary. Therefore, Goddess Saraswati the goddess of knowledge is seen riding the swan because the swan thus symbolizes "Viveka" i.eastward. prudence and discrimination between the good and the bad or between the eternal and the transient. This is taken as great quality, equally shown by this Sanskrit verse:

haṁsaḥ śveto bakaḥ śvetaḥ ko bhedo bakahaṁsayoḥ । kṣīranīraviveke tu haṁso haṁsaḥ bako bakaḥ ॥

The swan is white, the crane is white, what is the difference between the swan and the crane? During discriminating between water and milk, the swan is a swan while the crane is a crane!

It is mentioned several times in the Vedic literature, and persons who have attained smashing spiritual capabilities are sometimes called Paramahamsa ("Supreme Swan") on account of their spiritual grace and ability to travel between diverse spiritual worlds. In the Vedas, swans are said to reside in the summer on Lake Manasarovar and drift to Indian lakes for the winter. They are believed to possess some powers, such equally the ability to eat pearls.

Indo-European religions [edit]

Swans are intimately associated with the divine twins in Indo-European religions, and it is thought that in Proto-Indo-European times, swans were a solar symbol associated with the divine twins and the original Indo-European sun goddess.^[46]

Blackness swans [edit]

The Black Swan theory originates from the erroneous presumption in Ancient Rome that black swans did not exist, leading to the black swan every bit a metaphor for something that could, in theory exist, but does not. Afterwards the "discovery" of actual black swans, this became a metaphor or analogy for something, typically an unexpected issue or outlier, that has an unforeseen significance.

See too [edit]

• Royal Swans

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Northcote, Due east. Thousand. (1981). "Size departure between limb basic of contempo and subfossil Mute Swans (Cygnus olor)". J. Archaeol. Sci. 8 (1): 89–98. doi:x.1016/0305-4403(81)90014-five.
2. ^ "Fossilworks Cygnus Garsault 1764 (waterfowl) Reptilia – Anseriformes – Anatidae PaleoDB taxon number: 83418 Parent taxon: Anatidae co-ordinate to T. H. Worthy and J. A. Grant-Mackie 2003 See also Bickart 1990, Howard 1972, Parmalee 1992 and Wetmore 1933".
3. ^ "ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA Swan".
4. ^ "Swan Breeding Contour: Pairing, Incubation, Nesting / Raising of Young". Retrieved 5 July 2018.
5. ^ Harper, Douglas. "swan". Online Etymology Dictionary.
6. ^ cycnus. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Projection.
7. ^ κύκνος . Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Projection.
8. ^ Harper, Douglas. "cygnet". Online Etymology Dictionary.
9. ^ ^{a b} Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. p. 13. ISBN978-one-86189-349-ix.
10. ^ Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1988). Waterfowl: An Identification Guide to the Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World . Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN978-0-395-46727-5.
11. ^ ^{a b c d} Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). Ducks, Geese and Swans. Bird Families of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-xix-861008-3.
12. ^ "Mindat.org". www.mindat.org . Retrieved 2021-11-27 .
13. ^ Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. pp. 18–27. ISBN978-one-86189-349-9.
14. ^ "Mute Swan. Feeding" Archived 25 Dec 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
15. ^ Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. pp. 20 and 27. ISBN978-ane-86189-349-9.
16. ^ Horrocks, N., Perrins, C. and Charmantier, A., 2009. Seasonal changes in male and female beak knob size in the mute swan Cygnus olor. Journal of avian biology, 40(v), pp.511-519.
17. ^ Lipton, James (1991). An Exaltation of Larks. Viking. ISBN978-0-670-30044-0.
18. ^ Schlatter, Roberto; Navarro, Rene A.; Corti, Paulo (2002). "Effects of El Nino Southern Oscillation on Numbers of Black-Necked Swans at Rio Cruces Sanctuary, Chile". Waterbirds. 25 (Special Publication i): 114–122. JSTOR 1522341.
19. ^ Ross, Drew (March–Apr 1998). "Gaining Ground: A Swan's Song". National Parks. 72 (three–4): 35. Archived from the original on 26 March 2014.
20. ^ Berger, Michele (11 June 2018). "Till Decease do them Part: 8 Birds that Mate for Life". National Academies Press (US). Retrieved xi June 2018 – via world wide web.audubon.org.
21. ^ Scott, D. Chiliad. (1980). "Functional aspects of the pair bond in winter in Bewick's swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii)". Behavioral Environmental and Sociobiology. 7 (four): 323–327. doi:10.1007/BF00300673. S2CID 32804332.
22. ^ Scott, Dafila (1995). Swans. Grantown-on-Spey, Scotland: Colin Baxter Photography. p. 51. ISBN978-0-948661-63-ane.
23. ^ "Mute Swan". British Trust for Ornithology
24. ^ Waldren, Ben (xvi April 2012). "Killer Swan Blamed for Man's Drowning". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 7 August 2014.
25. ^ "Who, What, Why: How dangerous are swans?". BBC News. 17 Apr 2012. Archived from the original on 17 April 2012.
26. ^ Wood, Kevin A.; Ham, Phoebe; Scales, Jake; Wyeth, Eleanor; Rose, Paul E. (vii August 2020). "Aggressive behavioural interactions between swans (Cygnus spp.) and other waterbirds during winter: a webcam-based study". Avian Research. 11 (1): 30. doi:x.1186/s40657-020-00216-7. ISSN 2053-7166.
27. ^ del Hoyo et al., eds (1992). Handbook of the Birds of the World, Volume 1. Lynx Edicions.
28. ^ Boyd, John H. "Anserini species tree" (PDF) . Retrieved 22 January 2020.
29. ^ "COSCOROBA SWAN". Archived from the original on eight August 2016.
30. ^ Boev, Z. 2000. "Cygnus verae sp. n. (Anseriformes: Anatidae) from the Early Pliocene of Sofia (Bulgaria)". Acta zoologica cracovienzia, Cracow, 43 (1–2): 185–192.
31. ^ Louchart, Antoine; Vignaud, Patrick; Likius, Andossa; Mackaye, Hassane T.; Brunet, Michel (27 June 2005). "A New Swan (Aves: Anatidae) in Africa, from the Latest Miocene of Republic of chad and Libya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2): 384–392. doi:x.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0384:ANSAAI]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 4524452.
32. ^ Sfetcu, Nicolae (2011). The Birds Globe. ISBN9781447875857.
33. ^ Rahim, Sameer (4 June 2013). "The opera novice: Wagner'southward Lohengrin". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 Dec 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
34. ^ Rahim, Sameer (v March 2013). "The opera novice: Parsifal by Richard Wagner". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on xx December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
35. ^ "Baked Swan. Former Elizabethan Recipe". elizabethan-era.org.uk. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010.
36. ^ Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. p. 70. ISBN978-1-86189-349-9.
37. ^ "What is the origin of the phrase 'Swan vocal'?". phrases.org.united kingdom. Archived from the original on v Dec 2016. Retrieved two December 2016.
38. ^ Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. p. 27. ISBN978-1-86189-349-9.
39. ^ "The Fate of the Children of Lir". ancienttexts.org. Archived from the original on iv September 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
40. ^ "Whooper Swan". wwf.panda.org. Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
41. ^ "BIRDS OF Denmark". birdlist.org. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved ii December 2016.
42. ^ MacAulay, Alastair (12 June 2018). "All Virtually Odette, Tchaikovsky'south Swan Queen". The New York Times.
43. ^ The ballet Swan Lake is amidst the most canonic of classical ballets. Based on the 1875-76 score past Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, the near promulgated choreographic version was created past Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov (1895), the premiere of which was danced by the Imperial Ballet at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. The ballet's pb dual roles of Odette/Odile represent good and evil, and are among the well-nigh challenging roles created in Romantic classical ballet.
44. ^ "Inside Swan Lake: Why the Classic Ballet is Truly Timeless". Forbes.
45. ^ Young, Peter (2008). Swan. London: Reaktion. p. 97. ISBN978-1-86189-349-9.
46. ^ O'Brien, Steven (1982). "Dioscuric Elements in Celtic and Germanic Mythology". Periodical of Indo-European Studies. 10 (1 & 2): 117–136.

External links [edit]

Look upward swan  or swans in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cygnus.

Wikiquote has quotations related to: Swans

• "Swan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911.
• Louchart, Antoine; Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Guleç, Erksin; Howell, Francis Clark & White, Tim D. (1998): Fifty'avifaune de Dursunlu, Turquie, Pléistocène inférieur: climat, environnement et biogéographie. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris IIA 327(five): 341–346. [French with English abridged version] doi:10.1016/S1251-8050(98)80053-0
• A History of British Birds
• "Swan". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
• "Swan". The New Educatee's Reference Work. 1914.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan

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